Dietary Patterns and Prevalence Odds Ratio in Middle-aged Adults of Rural and Mid-size City in Korean Genome Epidemiology Study

Recently, dietary pattern analysis was emerged as an approach to examine the relationships between diet and risk of chronic diseases. This study was to identify groups with population who report similar dietary pattern in Korean ge-nome epidemiology study (KoGES )and association with several chronic diseases. The cohort participants living in Ansung and Ansan (Gyeonggi province )were totally 10,038. Among those, 6,873 subjects with no missing values in food frequency questionnaire were included in this analysis. After combining 103 food items into 17 food groups, 4 dietary factors were obtained by factor analysis based on their weights. Factor 1 showed high factor loadings in vege-tables, mushrooms, meats, fish, beverages, and oriental-cereals. Factor 2 had high factor loadings in vegetables, fruits, fish, and factor 3 had high factor loadings in cereal-oriental, cerial-western and snacks. Factor 4 showed positive high factor loadings in rice and Kimchi and negative factor loadings in mushrooms and milk and dairy products. Using factor scores of four factors, subjects were classified into 3 clusters by K-means clustering. We named those 'Rice and Kimchi eating' group, 'Contented eating' group, and 'Healthy and light eating' group depending on their eating cha-racteristics. 'Rice and Kimchi eating' group showed high prevalence in men, farmers and 60s. 'Contented eating' group and 'Healthy and light eating' group had high prevalence in women, people living in urban area (Ansan Citizen ), with high-school education and above, and a monthly income of one million won and more. 'Contented eating' group appeared lower distribution proportion in the sixties and 'Healthy and light eating' group does higher in the fifties. 'Contented eating' versus 'Rice and Kimchi eating', odds ratio for hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity significantly decreased after adjusting age and sex (OR =0.64, 0.73, and 0.85 respectively, 95% CI ). Although our results were from a cross-sectional study, these imply that the dietary patterns were related to diseases.

HapAnalyzer: Minimum Haplotype Analysis System for Association Studies

SUMMARY: HapAnalyzer is an analysis system that provides minimum analysis methods for the SNP-based association studies. It consists of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test, linkage disequilibrium (LD) computation, haplotype reconstruction, and SNP (or haplotype)-phenotype association assessment. It is well suited to a case-control association study for the unrelated population.

Evaluating the Necessity of Routine Monitoring of Netilmicin Serum Concentrations in Korean Pediatric Patients with Normal Renal Function / 감염

BACKGROUND: When pediatric patients with normal renal function were given the recommended keep-up amount of aminoglicocide for the use, they showed a better clinical symptom not indicating the poisonous without checking serum concentrations. We studied this subject against the patients who used Netimilcin in order to know if the blood creatinine significantly increases in a clinic and if it reaches the maximum and minimum concentrations without adjusting the amount and the symptom of infection and the result get better. METHODS: We picked the maximum concentration of drugstuffs 30 minutes after injection and its minimum just prior to the next injection within 24~32 hours with a vein injection of 2 mg/kg/dose Netilmicin with the 8 hours difference against 16 patients at the age between 3 months and 14 years. We measured the blood creatinine at the beginning of the treatment and at the closing, and we decided the medicine serum concentration with TDX system and we counted the result of Pharmaco-kinetic parameter with Simkin PC clinical Database system. To check the patients' result of better clinical conditions, leukocyte values and the temperature were measured 72 hours after the treatment. The analysis of statistics was performed with the use of paired t-test. RESULTS: The average age of 16 patients shows 3.5+/-3.2, average weight 15.2+/-8.5 kg, the leukocyte value first 14.9+/-6.6X10X10X10/mm3, and 72 hours after the treatment it shows 6.6+/-1.9X10X10X10/mm3, average temperature fell from 37.7+/-1 celsius into 36.3+/-0.4 celsius. The average drug amount taken in case of patients showed 2.06+/-0.4, the average treatment period was 7.6+/-2.3 days, the maximum serum concentration shows 5.5+/-1.1 mg/mL, the minimum concentration shows 0.5+/-0.3 mg/mL. The average blood creatinine was first 0.52+/-0.19 mg/mL, and at closing 0.46+/-0.11 mg/dL (P=0.209). The minimum concentration didn't show more than 2 mcg/mL, the blood creatinine didn't increase showing 0.5 mg/mL(P=0.201). CONCLUSION: At the result of checking the medicine concentration of Netilmicin in pediatric patients in our clinic, there is no detecting the betterment of the clinical symptom owing to the decrease of the values of leukocyte. There was no necessity to adjust the amount of medicine from the beginning to the end as there was no sign of change of blood creatinine. In view of this result, we can understand that we don't need the regular examination of the medicine concentration about the aminoglicocide from Korean pediatric patients with normal renal function.